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Heating Furnace
Heating furnaces include continuous heating furnaces and chamber heating furnaces. Furnaces for heat treatment of metals are also called heat treatment furnaces. The furnace that heats the ingot or makes the internal temperature of the ingot uniform before the initial rolling is called the even-heat furnace. Broadly speaking, the heating furnace also includes even heat furnace and heat treatment furnace.
Features
Heating furnaces include continuous heating furnaces and chamber heating furnaces. Furnaces for heat treatment of metals are also called heat treatment furnaces. The furnace that heats the ingot or makes the internal temperature of the ingot uniform before the initial rolling is called the even-heat furnace. Broadly speaking, the heating furnace also includes even heat furnace and heat treatment furnace.
In forging and rolling production, billets are generally heated in an oxidizing atmosphere with a complete combustion flame. The use of incomplete combustion of reducing flames (i.e., "self-protective atmosphere") to directly heat the metal, can be achieved without oxidation or less oxidation of the purpose. This type of heating is called open-flame or open-flame non-oxidizing heating and is successfully used in rotary and chamber furnaces.
Continuous Heating Furnaces
Continuous heating furnaces include continuous heating furnaces such as push-type furnaces, walk-in furnaces, turn-bottom furnaces, chamber furnaces, etc., but it is customary to refer to push-type furnaces.
Most of the continuous heating furnaces are used for heating metal billets before rolling, and a few are used for forging and heat treatment.
The main feature is: billets in the furnace according to the rhythm of rolling continuous movement, the furnace gas in the furnace is also continuous flow; in general, in the section size of the charge, the species and the yield of unchanged, the temperature of the furnace parts of the furnace and the temperature of the metal material in the furnace basically does not change over time and only along the length of the furnace changes.
Pusher-type continuous heating furnace
By pushing the steel machine to complete the task of transporting the material in the furnace continuous heating furnace. The billets slide on the bottom of the furnace or on slides supported by water-cooled pipes, in the latter case the billets can be heated on both sides. The water pipes at the bottom of the furnace are usually covered with an insulating material to minimize heat loss. In order to minimize the water-cooled slide caused by the lower part of the billet "black mark", supported by the refractory masonry base wall, this furnace is called "water-cooled furnace".
Walking type continuous heating furnace
A continuous heating furnace in which the billets are moved forward step by step by the rising, advancing, descending and retreating movements of the furnace bottom or water-cooled metal beams. The furnace has a fixed bottom and a stepping bottom, or a fixed beam and a stepping beam. The former is called step bottom furnace, the latter is called step beam furnace. The step beam of the heating furnace for steel rolling usually consists of water-cooled tubes. The stepping beam furnace can realize the upper and lower double-sided heating of the billet.
Since the 70's, due to the large size of rolling mills, the stepped beam furnace has been widely used. Compared with the push-type furnace, its advantages are: flexible material transportation, if necessary, all the furnace material can be discharged out of the furnace; billets in the furnace bottom or beam spaced out, can be faster and uniformly heated; completely eliminated the push-type furnace arch steel and sticky steel failure, so that the length of the furnace is not subject to the limitations of these factors. China's 1979 production of step beam type furnace length of 32.5 meters, production capacity of 270 tons per hour.
Turning Bottom Type Heating Furnace
The furnace body is fixed, the bottom of the furnace rotates, and the billets placed on the bottom of the furnace rotate with the bottom of the furnace to move from the inlet to the outlet. According to the shape of the bottom of the furnace, rotary bottom heating furnace can be divided into two kinds of ring furnace and disk-shaped furnace, metallurgical plant rolling shop with ring furnace. Figure is a production capacity of 75 tons per hour turn bottom ring-shaped heating furnace section. This furnace is suitable for heating can not be used to push the steel and step way to transport materials, such as round billet, wheel and rim billet, die forging before the shaped billet, as well as varieties of billets and the length of material billet and so on. The disadvantage is that the bottom of the furnace area utilization rate is low, the bottom of the furnace unit area production is usually about 350 to 400 kg / (m 2 - hour).
Chamber type rapid heating furnace
By a number of heating chambers placed in a line. Between the heating chamber and the heating chamber there is an inter-room, the rollers for transferring the billets are located in the inter-room, and the billets are heated singly (or doubly) by passing through the heating chambers and the inter-room. Each heating chamber and the neighboring chamber constitutes a "furnace section", so it is also known as section furnace. This type of furnace can be heated quickly, with little oxidation and decarburization, and is suitable for heating round billets and steel tubes. Matching with the planetary mill, can be used to heat the continuous casting slab; can also be localized heating of certain steel. The disadvantage is that the unit length of the furnace production capacity is low, the furnace thermal efficiency is low.
Chamber heating furnace
Used for metal billet or ingot heating before forging. Material heating does not move; the furnace is not segmented, the requirements of the furnace temperature uniformity, for large ingot heating using a cyclical temperature system (i.e., the furnace temperature is divided into the preheating period by time, heating period, even heat period, etc.).
There are two kinds of room-type heating furnace: fixed-bottom room-type furnace and car-bottom type furnace.
Fixed-bottom chamber furnace
Furnace bottom area is generally 1 ~ 10 m 2. Charging more by manual or simple machinery; heating of larger workpieces of the chamber furnace, there are also specially equipped with a charging machine. Fuel for coal, heavy oil or gas. Some furnaces in the furnace wall to open a gap, billets from the gap into the furnace heating, called "seam furnace", often used in small pieces of heating or long billets at the end or local heating. This type of furnace bottom unit area production is usually 300 to 400 kg / (m 2 - hour), unit heat consumption per ton of steel is about (1.0 ~ 1.5) × 106 kcal.
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