Reduced Iron Equipment

The process of extracting metal iron from iron containing minerals (mainly iron oxides) mainly includes blast furnace method, direct reduction method, molten reduction method, and plasma method. From the point of view of metallurgy, iron making is the retrograde of iron rust and gradual mineralization, simply put, the reduction of pure iron from iron-containing compounds. In actual production, pure iron does not exist, and an iron-carbon alloy is obtained.

The process of producing pig iron by reducing iron ore with a reducing agent at high temperatures. The main raw materials of iron making are iron ore, coke, limestone and air. Iron ore has hematite (Fe2O3) and magnetite (Fe3O4). The iron content of iron ore is called grade, before smelting, it must be beneficiated, remove other impurities, improve the grade of iron ore, and then broken, ground, sintering, can be sent to the blast furnace smelting. The function of coke is to provide heat and produce the reducing agent carbon monoxide. Limestone is used to make slag and remove gangue, so that the iron produced by smelting is separated from impurities. The main equipment for making iron is the blast furnace. When smelting, iron ore, coke, and limestone are added from top to bottom from the top inlet, while hot air is pumped into the furnace from bottom to top from the inlet, and at high temperatures, the reactants are fully contacted to react to get iron. Blast furnace ironmaking refers to the iron ore and coke, carbon monoxide, hydrogen and other fuels and flux (in theory, the metal activity is stronger than iron metal and ore mixed after high temperature can also be refined iron) into the blast furnace smelting, remove impurities and get metal iron (pig iron). 

There are blast furnace method, direct reduction method, melting reduction method, plasma method.

The reaction formula is:

Fe2O3+3CO==2Fe+3CO2(high temperature) (Reduction reaction)

Fe3O4+4CO==3Fe+4CO2(high temperature) (Reduction reaction)

 

Formation of slag:

CaCO3=CaO+CO2 (Condition: High temperature)

CaO+SiO2=CaSiO3 (High temperature)

Blast furnace smelting is a continuous production process of reducing iron ore into pig iron. Solid raw materials such as iron ore, coke and flux are fed into the blast furnace in batches by the roof charging device according to the specified dosing ratio, and the material surface of the furnace throat is maintained at a certain height. The coke and ore form an alternating layered structure in the furnace.

1. The use of open machine, mud cannon, slag plugging machine and other special equipment and various tools, according to the specified time were opened slag, iron mouth (now slag and iron mouth into one), release slag, iron, and through the slag and iron ditch into the slag, iron tanks, slag and iron out of the slag, iron mouth after sealing to ensure that the continuous production of the blast furnace.

2. Finish the maintenance work of slag, iron mouth and all kinds of special equipment before furnace.

3. Making and repairing skimmer, iron out of the main ditch and slag, iron ditch.

4. Replacement of wind, slag mouth and other cooling equipment and cleaning of slag and iron transportation line and a series of work related to slag and iron.

Blast furnace furnace condition is stable and smooth: generally refers to the furnace charge falling and gas flow rising evenly, stable and abundant furnace temperature, qualified pig iron, high production and low consumption.

Operation System: Blast furnace operation guidelines formulated according to the specific conditions of the blast furnace (e.g., blast furnace type, equipment level, raw material conditions, production plan and variety index requirements).

Blast furnace basic operation system: charging system, air supply system, furnace cylinder heat system and slagging system.

A vertical ironmaking furnace with a circular cross-section. The shell is made of steel plates and lined with refractory bricks. The blast furnace body is divided into 5 parts from top to bottom: furnace throat, furnace body, furnace waist, furnace belly and furnace cylinder. Due to the good technical and economic indicators of the blast furnace ironmaking technology, simple process, large production, high labor productivity, low energy consumption and other advantages, so this method of production of iron accounted for the majority of the world's total iron production. Blast furnace production from the top of the furnace loaded with iron ore, coke, slagging flux (limestone), from the furnace is located in the lower part of the furnace along the perimeter of the air blowing into the preheated air. At high temperature, the carbon in the coke (some blast furnaces also blow pulverized coal, heavy oil, natural gas and other auxiliary fuels) combusts with the oxygen in the air to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and in the process of rising in the furnace to remove the oxygen in the iron ore, thus reducing the iron. The molten iron is released from the iron outlet. The unreduced impurities in the iron ore and limestone and other fluxes combine to form slag, which is discharged from the slag opening. The gas produced is discharged from the top of the furnace, and after dedusting, it is used as fuel for hot blast furnace, heating furnace, coke oven, boiler and so on. The main product of blast furnace smelting is pig iron, and the by-products are blast furnace slag and blast furnace gas.

Hot blast furnace is the equipment for heating and blowing air for blast furnace, which is an indispensable and important part of modern blast furnace. Improvement of air temperature can be achieved by improving the calorific value of gas, optimizing the structure of hot blast furnace and air supply pipeline, preheating gas and combustion air, and improving the operation of hot blast furnace and other technical measures. Theoretical research and production practice shows that the use of optimized hot stove structure, improve the thermal efficiency of the hot stove, extend the life of the hot stove is an effective way to improve the wind temperature.

Iron tanker is used for transporting iron, realizing the transfer of iron between desulfurization span and charging span or placing it under the iron mixing furnace, which is used in the blast furnace or iron mixing furnace, etc. to produce iron.

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